日本の対新羅・渤海名分関係の検討 : 『書儀』の礼式を参照して

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タイトル別名
  • Japan's diplomatic relations with Silla and Palhae in ancient times : The significance of diplomatic correspondence
  • ニホン ノ タイ シラギ ボッカイ メイブン カンケイ ノ ケントウ ショギ ノ レイシキ オ サンショウシテ

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抄録

This article examines Japan's formal hierarchical relations with the kingdoms of Silla and Palhae through an analysis of diplomatic source materials. The author offers a new approach to the study of diplomatic source materials by treating them as formal correspondence distinguished according to office or social rank (shogi) and identifying them in terms of how they express levels of decorum. From the Enryaku era (782-) on, Japan's attitude towards both Sillae and Palhae was characterized by a refusal to express subordination to either. This attitude helped stabilize relations with Palhae, on the one hand, since Palhae recognized Japan's superiority due to its ongoing conflict with Silla and the weakening of its royal family. On the other hand, Japan's attitude resulted in a cessation of relations with Silla, due to the Korean kingdom's demand to be dealt with as a diplomatic equal. Concerning the hierarchical character of diplomatic documents exchanged between Japan and Palhae from the Enryaku era on, Japan's attitude as expressed in its correspondence, looked upon Palhae in a superior manner, but not as a tributary or vassal state, while Palhae recognized Japan's superior position, but, again, not in sovereign and subject relationship. The author concludes that such a relationship developed out of mutual compromise, indicating the existence of no great disequilibrium in the balance of diplomatic power wielded by the two parties in their relations. Here we discover a new way of looking at diplomatic relations in ancient East Asia as hierarchical in character without being tied to conditions of subservience like vassalage or tribute. Similar examples include the relations developed by the Tang Dynasty with such entities as the Turk Qaranate, the Uighurs, and Tibet.

収録刊行物

  • 史学雑誌

    史学雑誌 116 (3), 365-383, 2007

    公益財団法人 史学会

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