<p>The purpose of this paper is to clarify how Japanese frozen food firms restructure their production facilities in China. This mechanism represents the restructuring of food production areas in China under the food security and safety issues in recent years. The results of this analysis are summarized as follows:</p><p>In China, the number of direct investments by Japanese food firms has increased significantly since the 1990s. Prior to this, Japanese food firms had concentrated their investments in the areas close to Japan, in particular Shandong and Liaoning Provinces. However, in recent years, some of these firms have dispersed investments to the southern part of China, in particular to Zhejiang and Fujian Provinces. Moreover, some of these firms are investing in new facilities for selling products in the Chinese market. There are a variety of the locational strategies taken by Japanese food firms.</p><p>The locational strategies used by Japanese frozen food firms were examined through the cases of two typical firms (Companies K and L). The contrast in these two firms’ strategies results from differences in the timing of their investments and the type of products produced in China. Until the 1990s, it was efficient for them to concentrate their facilities in areas close to Japan. Since the 2000s, however, several firms like Company L have dispersed facilities to the south to reduce off-crop seasons and production risks because of the increasing requests for food security and safety in the Japanese market.</p><p>The changes in the locational strategies by Companies K and L were examined in detail. Company K has concentrated production at large-scale facilities in Shandong Province to intensify the quality control system of their products. Moreover, Company K developed new production facilities in Japan to improve the reliability of their products. On the other hand, Company L has established a risk reduction system not only by dispersing facilities, but also by replacing Chinese brokers with Company L’s own farms. That is to say, these two firms’ locational changes have resulted from developments of quality and risk control systems against the food security and safety issues in China.</p><p>To satisfy Japanese consumers’ demands for food security and safety, the locational strategies taken by Companies K and L have been much alike in character since the 2000s. In conclusion, the strategies used by Japanese frozen food firms have been affected not only by cost factors, but also gradually by quality and security and safety factors.</p>