バングラデシュ農村におけるヒンドゥー社会の変容―タンガイル県B村を事例として―

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  • 杉江 あい
    名古屋大学・環境学研究科・院生 日本学術振興会特別研究員（DC1）

書誌事項

タイトル別名
  • Changes in Hindu Society in Rural Bangladesh: A Case Study of a Village in Tangail District
  • バングラデシュ ノウソン ニ オケル ヒンドゥー シャカイ ノ ヘンヨウ : タンガイル ケン Bムラ オ ジレイ ト シテ

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説明

<p>This study seeks to explore changes in Hindu society and relations between Hindus and Muslims in rural Bangladesh from the early 20th century. Previous researchers have studied mainly Muslim society and neglected to discuss the complex interrelationship between caste and samaj, the latter being an indigenous social unit whose members settle disputes and hold religious ceremonies together in rural Bangladesh. Moreover, even though the social and psychological pressures on Hindus in everyday life have been reported as the causes of ongoing emigration, the daily relations between Hindus and Muslims have rarely been mentioned in previous studies. From a case study of a village designated as ‘Village B’ in Tangail district, this paper depicts in detail changes in Hindu society based on ethnographic field data and cadastral survey documents and maps.</p><p>This study considered the period from the early 20th century to the end of British rule in India in 1947 as Period 1; the time from the founding of Pakistan to after Bangladesh’s independence as Period 2; and from the middle of the 1980s till the time of the author’s survey as Period 3. In Period 1, high-caste Hindus, especially Kayasthas in Village B, had the greatest formal political power, as well as the highest economic status. In Period 2, Hindu samajs were divided by the caste system, and the social order in the village was maintained based on the caste hierarchy. After the foundation of Pakistan, the prominent status of high-caste Hindus declined due to the Pakistani government’s policy and the rise of Muslim elites. Neighboring Muslims immigrated into the village after Hindus emigrated. In the war for Bangladesh liberation in 1971, West Pakistan soldiers attacked mainly Hindus. Kayasthas in Village B asked local Muslims for help and they protected not only Hindus in Village B but also Hindus from the other areas. However, Hindus in the village were often the target of robberies and attacks by some local Muslims in and after this period leading to independence, and their emigration increased.</p><p>In Period 3, Muslim samaj in the village were formed after 1985 by building a new mosque. Almost all high-caste Hindus had left the village by the time of the author’s survey, 2011-2013. The Hindu samaj experienced continuous division and conflicts because of the struggle for power in village politics. Membership of the divided samajs was decided not only by paternal lineage or title membership but also by groupings which were not defined by territorial bonds or kinship. Muslim samaj in the village functioned too feebly to control these Hindu conflicts. Hindus often depended on Muslims in the other village for dispute settlements and their security. The emigration of high-caste Hindus and the decline of the caste hierarchy brought about the spread of the judicial functions of Hindu samaj in the village. Although Hindus and Muslims formed closer relationships which used not to be common in daily life, communal tension between them developed on some occasions.</p>

収録刊行物

  • 人文地理

    人文地理 66 (4), 307-329, 2014

    一般社団法人 人文地理学会

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