A large variety and number of small-cale factories are gathered in the large cities of Japan, such as Tokyo and Osaka. Considered from both aspects of production and land utilization, they carry various problems. What is being undertaken to solve such problems is the assembling program, involving the establishment of industrial estates and unit workshops, undertaken by the govern ment, both central and local.<br>The purpose of this report is to examine the nature of the assembling programs being undertaken and what problems these programs have as observed in the measures undertaken to solve the variety of problems held by the small-scale factories compactly gathered in Tokyo, the largest city in Japan.<br>One type of assembling of the small-scale factories in Tokyo is the industrial estates being established in the perimeter areas of the city. Six industrial estates-such as for production of ready-made clothing, metal toys, and electric implements-have been established. None of these estates have caused to weaken the productive capacity of similar industrial groups established in the internal areas of Tokyo.<br>The second type of assembling is the assembling projects within the inner areas of the city. Examples are the estabilshment of the industrial estates built on reclarimed land along Tokyo Bay and the construction of unit workshops. The former was established primarily with an anti-pollution objective. It includes industries such as forging, casting, press work, and lumbering. The latter was aimed to lessen water pollution from disposals and includes industries such as metal plating, printing, and book binding.<br>Each project has achieved its desired results but unsolved problems still remain. First among these is that among the small-scale factories those that can participate in the assembling program are the larger among them and thus the majority of the small-scale factories have not been benefited. The second is the work shop and housing problem. Presently, with most of the small-scale factories the workshop and housing facilities are located in the same place or, in other words, form a unit. This situation has been utilized by such factories to their advantage. Consequently, most small-scale factories do not desire assembling which calls for the separation of workshop and housing. The present program of assembling small-scale factories is not effectively functioning in the internal areas of large cities. The program of assembling small-scale factories must first consider the relation of production activity and land utilization before it can expect to achieve any measure of success.