Sex Differences of the Hipbone in Five Species of Macaca

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  • MATSUURA Yoshimi
    Laboratory of Physical Anthropology, Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University
  • NAKANO Yoshihiko
    Laboratory of Biological Anthropology, Graduate School of Human Sciences, Osaka University

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  • マカク属の寛骨形態の性差
  • マカクゾク ノ カンコツ ケイタイ ノ セイサ

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Abstract

Sex differences of the hipbone were compared among closely-related 5 species of Macaca; M. fuscata, M. mulatta, M. fascicularis, M. cyclopis and M. radiata. Nine measurements were taken from the hipbones and eight indices were obtained by standardization using the maximum pelvic height. Sex differences of the measurements and indices were tested by Student's t-test and a principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted using the eight indices to examine general patterns of sex difference in these species. The results showed that male measurements were larger than females except the pubic length. The maximum pelvic height, the maximum acetabulum diameter, and the length of the ischium were significantly larger in males than females in the examined species except for M. fascicularis. The relative length of the ilium and the relative pubic length were both significantly larger in females than males. The relative length of the ischium was significantly larger in males for all the examined species. The pattern of the sex differences was common among the examined Macaca species. The first principal component of the PCA represented sex differences. The second principal component separated macaque species, though some overlaps were observed. Therefore, the shape variation of the hipbone among Macaca was largely explained by the intraspecific sex difference (33%) rather than the interspecific difference (20%). It is suggested that the external shape of the hipbone among macaques is more influenced by obstetrical functions rather than locomotory functions.

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