Role of Masseter Muscle β₂-Adrenergic Signaling in Regulation of Muscle Activity, Myosin Heavy Chain Transition, and Hypertrophy

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  • Ohnuki Yoshiki
    Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Japan
  • Umeki Daisuke
    Department of Orthodontics, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Japan
  • Cai Wenqian
    Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
  • Kawai Nobuhiko
    Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School of Oral Sciences, Japan
  • Mototani Yasumasa
    Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Japan
  • Shiozawa Kouichi
    Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Japan
  • Jin Hui-Ling
    Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
  • Fujita Takayuki
    Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
  • Tanaka Eiji
    Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School of Oral Sciences, Japan
  • Saeki Yasutake
    Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Japan
  • Okumura Satoshi
    Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Japan Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan

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タイトル別名
  • Role of Masseter Muscle <i>β</i><sub>2</sub>-Adrenergic Signaling in Regulation of Muscle Activity, Myosin Heavy Chain Transition, and Hypertrophy

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Chronic administration of clenbuterol (CB), a lipophilic β2-adrenoceptor (β2-AR) agonist, induces skeletal muscle hypertrophy and slow-to-fast fiber–type transitions in mammalian species, but the mechanism and pathophysiological roles of these changes have not been explored. Here, we examined the effects of CB not only on masseter muscle mass, fiber diameter, and myosin heavy chain (MHC) composition, but also on daily muscle activity, a factor influencing muscle phenotype, by means of electromyogram analysis in rats. MHC transition towards faster isoforms was induced by 2-week CB treatment. In addition, daily duty time was increased at 1 day, 1 week, and 2 weeks after the start of CB treatment and its increase was greater at high activity level (6-fold) than at low activity level (2-fold). In order to examine whether these effects of CB were mediated through muscle or CNS β2-AR stimulation, we compared these effects of CB with those of salbutamol (SB), a hydrophilic β2-AR agonist. SB treatment induced masseter hypertrophy and MHC transition, like CB, but did not increase daily activity. These results suggest that CB-mediated slow-to-fast MHC transition with hypertrophy was induced through direct muscle β2-AR stimulation, but the increase of daily duty time was mediated through the CNS.<br>[Supplementary Figures: available only at http://dx.doi.org/10.1254/jphs.12271FP]

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