ガソリン添加剤による燃焼生成物の変化の予測

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  • 鍵 泰弘
    東京大学大学院新領域創成科学研究科環境学専攻
  • 橋本 公太郎
    東京大学大学院新領域創成科学研究科環境学専攻
  • 新井 充
    東京大学大学院新領域創成科学研究科環境学専攻
  • 田村 昌三
    東京大学大学院新領域創成科学研究科環境学専攻

書誌事項

タイトル別名
  • Estimation of the Effects of Gasoline Additives on Exhaust Emissions.

抄録

Improvement in efficiency of CO2 exhaust reduction and in reduction of harmful exhaust gas from automotives is now in demanded. For further reduction of NOx, fuel reformulation is necessary in addition to improving engine technology and improving after-treatment technology. Various additives are used in both gasoline and diesel fuel to meet environmental regulations and to improve performance. A change in the composition of the exhaust gases resulting from using fuel additives will change the impact of exhaust gases on atmospheric environment. In this study, a products model, which consists of the equilibrium calculation and the reaction calculation, was established to predict the change in the combustion products by addition of gasoline additives. As a result, the concentration of CO, CO2, and NO were decreased by addition of oxygenates and increased by addition of a nitrous compound. However, because of the magnitude of the changes in the products due to the additives is small, effects of the oxygenates on the atmosphere would be also small since the products are removed with a three-way catalyst with an equivalence ratio of 1.0. The characteristics of the additives which affect the change in emissions were investigated by comparing the contribution of these factors to the emissions. It is shown that the C/H ratio and the enthalpy of formation of the additives affect the change in the emissions. As the range of enthalpy of formation of the actual additives is restricted and limited, especially among the compounds with similar compositions, the C/H ratio would be effective and influential.

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