一定の降雨因子下での熱帯降雨パターンが土壌および窒素成分の流出に与える影響

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  • Effects of Tropical Rainfall Patterns with Constant Rainfall Erosivity on Soil and Nitrogen Losses

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The discussion of soil and nutrient losses due to water induced by rainfall is important for environmental conservation, especially the soil and nutrient losses from cultivated highlands to the water ways or the reservoirs further down the stream of watersheds. This study dealt with the discussion of soil and nitrogen losses under four different rainfall patterns having initial peak, middle peak, end peak and double peaks with constant rainfall erosivity index R, which can be computed by kinetic energy E multiplied by maximum rainfall intensity I30 of USLE, in the laboratory rainfall simulation. The four rainfall patterns were identified among 201 historical rainfall events recorded at Cameron Highlands, Malaysia. Four rainfall patterns having rainfall intensity at 18.2 and 42.0 mm/h with constant rainfall erosivity of 98.45 MJ·m·km-2·h-1 were demonstrated for 240 minutes. Overland flow was sampled at 15 and 30 minutes interval during the entire experiment. The experimental results showed that the losses of soil or nitrogen in rainfall pattern with initial peak were significantly 1.63, 1.09 and 2.25 times or 2.08, 1.17 and 1.37 times higher than those of other three rainfall patterns having middle peak, end peak and double peaks at 99 % confidence interval level. It was concluded that erosion processes in rainfall pattern with initial peak accelerated the detachment and removal of soil and nitrogen components.

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