Simulation of groundwater fluctuation in fracture-zone landslides

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Landslide is one of the major geotechnical problems in the mountainous regions. Pore water pressure is one of the main factors which affect the shear strength of the soil at the slip surface, thereby making the slope more unstable. Therefore, it is necessary to predict groundwater table to forecast the stability of a slope. Further, in order to understand the groundwater fluctuation, it is necessary to know the hydraulic properties of the landslide soil. Hydraulic conductivity and soil-water retention function of landslide material are the two most important factors determining the seepage flow characteristics. As the fracture-zone landslides are highly discontinuous due to existence of cracks through which major groundwater flow occurs, the use of experimentally measured soil hydraulic parameters are quite limited. This article attempts to find a suitable method to estimate these properties using the rainfall and groundwater level measured in-situ using finite element method. In order to achieve this, parametric analysis was done considering multilayered soil matrix. The result of analysis was applied to an actual landslide and it was found that agreeable groundwater fluctuation can be obtained by assuming homogeneous soil properties with multilayered system.

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