Male Hybrid Sterility in the Mule Duck is Associated with Meiotic Arrest in Primary Spermatocytes

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  • B. Islam Fhamida
    Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Department of Applied Molecular Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Japan
  • Ishishita Satoshi
    Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Department of Applied Molecular Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Japan
  • Uno Yoshinobu
    Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Department of Applied Molecular Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Japan
  • R. Mollah Md. Bazlur
    Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Bangladesh
  • Srikulnath Kornsorn
    Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Department of Applied Molecular Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Japan Laboratory of Animal Cytogenetics and Comparative Genomics, Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Thailand
  • Matsuda Yoichi
    Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Department of Applied Molecular Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Japan Avian Bioscience Research Center, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Japan

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Hybrid sterility is a postzygotic reproductive isolation mechanism that prevents successful interbreeding between different species. The mule duck, an intergeneric F1 hybrid between the domestic duck (Anas platyrhynchos) and Muscovy duck (Cairina moschata), displays sterility with gametogenesis failure in both sexes. Although the F1 hybrid male is known to exhibit large-sized testes that produce no sperm, the spermatogenic phenotype has not been well described. In this study, we revealed the abnormal meiotic phenotype of the F1 hybrid spermatocytes and dissimilarity in the karyotypes between the two parental species. Histological examination of the F1 hybrid testis showed the accumulation of primary spermatocytes with irregular highly condensed chromosomes in the seminiferous epithelium, whereas secondary spermatocytes and postmeiotic cells were absent and many testicular cells undergoing apoptosis were present. Cytogenetic analyses of spermatogenic cells from the F1 hybrid male revealed that meiosis succeeded in entering pachytene, but failed to progress beyond diakinesis-metaphase I in primary spermatocytes, and that a number of degenerated spermatocytes were present at pachytene. Karyological observations showed morphological differences in chromosome 1 and the Z chromosome between the parental species. These results collectively suggest that the main cause of abnormal spermatogenesis in the F1 hybrid is pachytene and/or metaphase I arrest, which possibly resulted from the failure of homologous chromosome pairing, recombination, and subsequent chromosome segregation due to chromosomal incompatibility between the parental species.

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