Memory Impairment

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  • Nagata Ken
    Department of Neurology, Research Institute for Brain and Blood Vessels
  • Komatsu, Hiromi
    Department of Neurology, Research Institute for Brain and Blood Vessels
  • Watanabe Mayumi
    Department of Neurology, Research Institute for Brain and Blood Vessels

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Other Title
  • 記憶障害
  • 講習会 記憶障害
  • コウシュウカイ キオク ショウガイ

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Description

According to the capacity of the retention period, memory is classified into short-term and long-term memory. The duration of short-term memory is defined to be in the order of seconds, whereas long-term memory stores a seemingly unlimited amount of capacity. Short-term memory includes working memory which is used temporarily storing information such as telephone numbers. Long-term memory is classified into declarative memory which can be consciously recalled such as facts and events and non-declarative memory which refers to unconscious memories such as skills （e.g. learning to swimming and ride a bicycle）. Declarative memory is further classified into episodic memory which is refers to the memory of autobiographical events and semantic memory which is refers to the memory of meanings, understandings, and other concept-based knowledge. Episodic memory tends to decay along the adult lifespan whereas semantic memory is relatively preserved during aging. Retrograde amnesia refers to a loss of memory for information acquired before the onset of brain injury, whereas anterograde amnesia is refers to the impairment in learning new information after the onset of brain injury. There is a time-gradient in retrograde amnesia, such that recent memories are more likely to be lost.

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