Vascular cognitive impairment

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  • Ihara Masafumi
    Department of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center

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  • 教育講演 Vascular cognitive impairment
  • キョウイク コウエン Vascular cognitive impairment

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With the demographic shift in age, dementia will become one of the most important health problems worldwide.　Vascular cognitive impairment （VCI） is the second most common type of dementia after Alzheimer’s disease and is frequently responsible for the cognitive decline of the elderly.　In order to investigate the underlying mechanisms involved in VCI, a mouse model of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion has been developed, which involves the narrowing of the bilateral common carotid arteries with newly designed microcoils.　This model is equivalent and complementary to the classical rat model of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion generated by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion.　As alternative models, an application of device called ameroid constrictors on the bilateral common carotid arteries in mice or rats offers reliable models of continuous reduction of cerebral blood flow, which may more closely mimic cognitive impairment subsequent to chronic cerebral hypoperfusion.　These models show good reproducibility of the white matter changes characterized by blood-brain barrier disruption, glial activation, oxidative stress, and oligodendrocyte loss following chronic cerebral hypoperfusion.　Detailed characterization of these models may help to decipher the substrates associated with impaired memory and move toward a more integrated therapy of VCI.

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