Anti-hypertensive and anti-stroke effects of Chrysanthemum extracts in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats

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  • Anti-hypertensive and anti-stroke effects of <I>Chrysanthemum</I> extracts in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats

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Chrysanthemum flower is a herb included in several Kampo formulae such as chotosan. In this study, we investigated the effects of Chrysanthemum flower produced in Hubei (K1) and Guangdong (K2) provinces in China on the blood pressure and expressions of genes encoding nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and muscarinic receptor subtypes in the brain, using stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR-SP). Administration of test drugs [K1 and K2 extracts: 1 - 2 g (dried herb weight)/kg/day, p.o.; nicardipine (NIC); 100 mg/kg/day, p.o., once daily for 4 weeks] was started when the average blood pressures of the animals reached ≧ 170 mmHg. K1 and K2 (2 g/kg/day), as well as NIC (100 mg/kg/day), produced a significant decrease in the average blood pressure without affecting the heart rate during the 4-week period of drug administration; however, the blood pressures of the drug-treated groups returned to the vehicle-treated control level within a 2-week washout period. <BR>Stroke-associated symptoms and changes in gene expression of some hypertension-related biomarkers in the brain were assessed in SHR-SP after re-starting drug administration. K1 (1-2 g/kg/day), K2 (1-2 g/kg/day), and NIC (100 mg/kg/day) significantly reduced the incidence of stroke-associated symptoms in SHR-SP. Moreover, the expression levels of genes encoding eNOS and nNOS, and M3 and M5 muscarinic receptors, but not those of genes encoding iNOS and M2 and M4 muscarinic receptors in the brain were significantly increased by K1 (1 g /kg/day), K2 (2 g /kg/day), and NIC (100 mg/kg/day). These results suggest that Chrysanthemum K1 and K2 exhibit antihypertensive effects in a SHR-SP model and that the elevation of genes for NOS systems and M3 and M5 muscarinic receptors is relevant to the antihypertensive effects of this herb.

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