4-Hydroxyestradiol Induces γ-H2AX in the Presence of an Inhibitor of Catechol-<i>O</i>-methyltransferase in Human Breast Cancer MCF-7 Cells

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  • Yamazaki Shunsuke
    Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka
  • Sakakibara Hiroyuki
    Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki
  • Takemura Hitomi
    Department of Home Economics, Aichi Gakusen University
  • Shimoi Kayoko
    Global COE Program, University of Shizuoka Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka

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  • 4-Hydroxyestradiol Induces γ-H2AX in the Presence of an Inhibitor of Catechol-O-methyltransferase in Human Breast Cancer MCF-7 Cells
  • 4-Hydroxyestradiol Induces ^|^gamma;-H2AX in the Presence of an Inhibitor of Catechol-O-methyltransferase in Human Breast Cancer MCF-7 Cells

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Description

17β-Estradiol (E2) is crucial for various physiological functions, such as in the development of the uterus and the mammary gland. However, prolonged exposure to E2 is a risk factor for breast cancer. E2 is metabolized to carcinogenic 4-hydroxyestradiol (4-OHE2) and non-carcinogenic 2-hydroxyestradiol (2-OHE2) by CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 in the breast tissue, respectively. These two catechol estrogens are converted to methylated metabolites by catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT). 4-OHE2 has been reported to be further oxidized to quinone intermediates which react with purine bases in DNA to form depurinating adducts, which generate highly mutagenic apurinic (AP) sites. Recently, phosphorylation of histone H2AX (γ-H2AX) has emerged as a sensitive marker for not only DNA double-strand breaks but also various types of DNA damage. 4-OHE2-induced γ-H2AX in MCF-7 cells has never been reported yet. In this study, we investigated whether 4-OHE2 induces γ-H2AX in response to DNA damage in the presence or absence of Ro 41-0960, an inhibitor of COMT, in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells. AP sites and γ-H2AX were induced 1-2 h after treatment with 4-OHE2 and Ro 41-0960. The generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was also observed, as determined by 2′-7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate fluorescence. By comparison, 2-OHE2 and Ro 41-0960 had no effect on AP sites, γ-H2AX or the generation of ROS. KU-55933, an inhibitor of ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), decreased the formation of γ-H2AX in conjunction with 4-OHE2 and Ro 41-0960. These results demonstrate that 4-OHE2, in the presence of Ro 41-0960, induces ATM-dependent γ-H2AX in MCF-7 cells.<br>

Journal

  • Genes and Environment

    Genes and Environment 34 (3), 129-135, 2012

    The Japanese Environmental Mutagen and Genome Society

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