Regulatory T cells in the control of T cell homeostasis

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  • Kawahata Kimito
    Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
  • Kanzaki Takeyuki
    Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
  • Imamura Mitsuru
    Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
  • Akahira Lisa
    Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
  • Michishita Kazuya
    Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
  • Dohi Makoto
    Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
  • Yamamoto Kazuhiko
    Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

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Lymphopenia results in homeostatic peripheral expansion of lymphocytes in order to maintain T-cell homeostasis. T-cell homeostasis requires the regulation of lymphocytes numbers, function, and diversity responsive to foreign antigen and the maintenance of self-tolerance during lymphopenia-induced proliferation. Accumulating data elucidate that regulatory T cells critically contribute to the control of T cell homeostasis. Moreover, recent studies show that regulatory T cell homeostasis requires the co-existence with conventional T cells which can produce IL-2. Thus, T-cell homeostasis is maintained by the close interactions between regulatory T cells and conventional T cells. Understanding the mechanisms of homeostatic proliferation will lead to new therapeutic interventions for autoimmune diseases.

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