Historic cycles of fragmentation and expansion in the Alpine butterfly Erebia ligea (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) on the Japanese archipelago, inferred from mitochondrial DNA

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  • 第四紀日本列島におけるクモマベニヒカゲの分布変遷史

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Abstract

Phylogenetic relationships among the populations of Erebia ligea on the Japanese archipelago were inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequences. The results show a clear division into three lineages on the Sakhalin, Hokkaido and Honshu islands, and also suggest that these lineages have been reproductively isolated from each other since before the last ice age. Further fragmentations were found within these lineages: two genetic lineages on Hokkaido (one found at higher altitudes in the Daisetsuzan Mts. and the other at lower altitudes around some mountain bases) and two on Honshu (one found in the Hida, Yatsugatake and Hakusan Mts. and the other in the the Akaishi and Kiso Mts.). Nested clade phylogeographical analysis (NCPA) points to a history of E. ligea in the Japanese archipelago which was punctuated by several repeats of allopatric fragmentation and restricted gene flow. The existence of a secondary contact zone shows the same scenario. In the Hida Mts., different haplotypes were detected in the northern and the southern regions, with a secondary contact zone found in the vicinity of the central region. The ancient population was fragmented, reproductively isolated and then differentiated into several populations with distinct haplotypes. Distributions of the two populations then expanded allowing a secondary contact of the two populations, and sporadic distributions were subsequently formed. Repetitive cycles of expansion and reduction in distribution within the Japanese archipelago in response to the glacial cycles of the Quaternary period are suggested.

Journal

  • Lepidoptera Science

    Lepidoptera Science 63 (4), 204-216, 2012

    THE LEPIDOPTEROLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN

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