Physico-Mechanical Processes Involved in Sediment Generation in a Simulated Acid Soil

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  • 擬似的に調合された酸性土壌に発生する土壌流亡プロセスの物理的メカニズム

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Abstract

The physico-mechanical processes involved in the impact of soil acidification on runoff (RO) and sediment (SD) generation were investigated. Non-acidic soil samples from Tohaku-Tottori, Japan were acidified under free draining conditions using concentrated sulfuric acid to establish three different soil pH. Air-dried soil aggregates (≤2mm) from the acidified and the untreated soil were packed to average dry-bulk density of 1.35gcm-3 in small soil plot trays and subjected to simulated rainfall intensities of 30 and 60mm h-1. RO samples were collected for SD concentration determination. The RO or SD data exhibited an elongated S-shape distribution pattern over time, suggesting three phases in RO and SD generation processes. SD increased with both increasing rainfall intensity and increasing acidity from 0.00 to 0.056kgm-2 h-1 in phase I, 0.12 to 1.69kgm-2 h-1 in phase II and 0.20 to 2.53kgm-2 h-1 in phase III. In phase I, the increases in SD with increasing acidity are associated to increases in crust and seal, inferred from ponded depth data, which increased with increasing acidity, and aggregate size distribution (ASD). In phase II, the increase in SD is linked to decrease in hydraulic conductivity, inferred from decrease in wetted depth data. In phase III, the increase in SD with increasing acidity is linked to decreases in measured saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks), which in turn is linked to slaking, pore clogging, and decrease in the macroporosity inferred from ASD.

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