A Study on Applicability of Affordance Theory in Evaluating the Quality of Landscapes

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  • 景観評価におけるアフォーダンス理論の有用性に関する考察

Abstract

It is a significant problem for researchers, planners or designers of landscapes to know how quality of landscapes should be evaluated. In order to analyze the quality of landscapes scientifically, experimental evaluation based on statistical science have been applied. However, such methodologies have some difficulties in dealing with quality of landscapes. This paper clarifies the problems of those methodologies, and is aimed at showing the alternative methodologies with some issues. Approach from Descartes's mind-body dualism which has been the only basis of scientific methods do not entirely fit to evaluation of quality of landscapes concerning human mind or consciousness. The ecological psychologist Gibson's “affordance theory” is a very useful method as an alternative approach in studying landscapes. To conclude, (1)Landscapes should be grasped as ecological phenomena together with cultural phenomena. (2)Still photographs mostly do not represent the real landscape. (3)Philosophy of “Possibility of Imaginary comfortable behavior” offers some clues to landscape design. (4)Landscapes have various features caused by ecological and cultural factors. Ecological factors are caused by meaning from affordance of the environment, and cultural factors are caused by meaning from language. (5)In designing landscapes both visual aspect and refinement of meanings of landscapes are very important.

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