ネパールにおける森林政策及び法制化の影響

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  • Impact of Policies and Legislation on Nepal's Forests and its Future

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Forest resources contribute about 74% of the total household energy consumption in Nepal, and are integral component of the mountain farming system. Partly due to this reality, there has been a significant change in forest resource management policies and in legislations during last fifty years. Most noteworthy is the change of ownership and control from local indigenous groups and government to "organized" community forestry. This can indicate a gradual decentralization and devolution of power to organized users of the forest resources. Effective use and sustainable management of the community forestry products that enhance improved distribution of resources & power, and that play an effective role on livelihood strategies of the local dwellers, seems now a way forward for the community forestry of Nepal. Market access for forest products, taxation, and environmental protection measures are essential elements of this evolving system. However, decreasing forest area may indicate less policy level efforts towards management and care of other forest types such as private forest and leasehold forest. In terms of resource use, it can be said that community forestry has been developed at the expense of other types of forests. This situation may lead to high dependency on community forestry in the future. A recommendation to address this situation is to focus policy and legislation for the management of others forest types with especial attention to people held private forest.

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