アメリカにおける「管理の科学」形成の基盤

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書誌事項

タイトル別名
  • The Historical Background of the Birth of the Science of Management in the United States
  • アメリカ ニ オケル カンリ ノ カガク ケイセイ ノ キバン

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抄録

Conscious efforts to form a science of management were initiated in the United States in the late nineteenth century. This paper will inquire into the general conditions in which a scientific approach to management problems and the efforts to form a science of management were developed. The conditions might prescribe the essential character of the science of management in its early stages.<BR>The possibility of a science of management was primarily perceived by H. Metcalfe and H. R. Towne in the 1880's. Thereafter many authors, mainly mechanical engineers, discussed management problems, but their interest was limited to the workshop. Therefore, the basic conditions for the birth of the new science of management might be thought to be in the workshop on which the top business managers focused their attention.<BR>However, the top-managers of the emerging big businesses in the Middle West were not directly interested in the workshop, but in the creation of national marketing networks or the horizontal combination. The original unit in the formation of a science of management was the eastern metal-working industries which supplied parts or machine tools to big businesses in the middle West.<BR>Cost reduction by the improvement of efficiency was the most important problem in the workshops of the eastern metal-working industries owners had abolished the sub-contracting system and directly controlled the workmen.<BR>At the same time, metal-working factories had become increasingly specialized in the product they were manufacturing. Such specialization made it possible to achieve fairly complex division of labor and, as result, the work of a laborer could be measured objectively.<BR>These were the particular conditions in the eastern machine shops from which the science of management emerged.

収録刊行物

  • 経営史学

    経営史学 1 (2), 1-24, 1966

    経営史学会

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