クラフトパルプ蒸解より生ずるターペンチン油の研究

The vapors from the relief of sulfate digesters contain steam, turpentine, and inert gases.The recovery of crude turpentine, or pinene, as a by-product from the relief of sulfate digesters has increased greatly in recent years.In general, the best turpentine and greatest yield is obtained when the digester is commercially feasible when pines of high resin content are used.<BR>The recovery process consists of passing the relief gases first through a separator to remove entrained liquor and fiber, and then through a condenser to condense the turpentine.<BR>The relief gases enter the separator tangentially and whirle in an annular space formed between the shell and the riser.The heavy liguor and pulp particles are thrown to the sides, due to centrifugal force and drain to the bottom outlet.The air-vapor mixture rises into the condenser where it is cooled by countercurrent flow of cold water to a temperature of 21-26°C .<BR>This provides a check against carelessly excessive relief and consequent entrainment resultant formation of emulsions which cause difficulty in separating the turpentine.<BR>Some methods to overcome this difficulty are as follows : A water spray can be installed at the top of the separator : the emulsion can be drawn off into a separator tank and heated with live steam : it can be salted out with white liquor : or acid can be added to break the emulsion.<BR>But the result of many experiments is quite other than what I think.Because, some emulsion is shown good separation and the other emulsion is not separated in order to varied theoretical conditions of the emulsion.On the laboratory and industrial test.I used the Centrifuge of Sharpres type and obtained good results.Especially, this method is not a difference of property owing to the mechanical method : this must be carefully controlled, however, as pinene is sensitive to oxidation.<BR>And the most suitable industrial treating condition and the best yield given by author is as follows.<BR>Then the yield of crude turpentine increased about 6070 per cent in comparison of general method. (such as decantation etc.) <BR>From the above table, it will be known that the yield of turpentine varies and depends upon the species of wood, ratio of heartwood, procedure and equipment used for the relief and condensation of the volatile vapors.<BR>The species of pine and the other wood cooked is the most important factor influencing the yield of turpentine.But the type of cooking, whether direct or indirect, appears to have no effect on the yield of turpentine.