歴史研究の変化と展望-分散、拡散、還流のなかの地域像をもとめて-

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  • The Evolution of South Asian Historiography in Japan : With Special Prospects of the Area Dynamics of Fragmentation, Expansion and Circulation
  • レキシ ケンキュウ ノ ヘンカ ト テンボウ ブンサン カクサン カンリュウ ノ ナカ ノ チイキゾウ オ モトメテ

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The first half covers a retrospective summary of the historical study of South Asia in Japan. The historiography of India was initially inseparable from the inquiry of identity for Japanese historians, who faced the “modernizing” and “hegemonic” West as compared with colonized Asia. The historiography entailing such inquiry was inevitably exposed to contemporary political environments. It was only after the Second World War that a substantial historical enquiry based on primary sources was launched along with socioeconomic analyses. Until the early 1970s, “stages of social development” based on historical materialism was dominant, with the main concern being the supposed stagnation of Indian society and land-centered feudalism. However, it was thereafter replaced by a more balanced view, which tried to capture the historical dynamism under market forces as well as non-material powers such as religion and royalty.<BR>The late 1980s saw a rise of new historical inquiry under the impact of new ideas such as Orientalism and “invention of tradition”. Among others it caused the re-interpretation of the colonial rule's impact, thereby deriving the deconstruction of 'Indianness' or existing framework of nations. This strain of thought still influences current historical research by urging new focuses such as subaltern and other marginalized people, public spheres, and the ecological environment. The second half of the article is reserved for the future prospects of South Asian historical research, which the author has also been engaged in. So far, cohesive organization and institutionalization of a particular area has been the major parameter in analyzing the society or particular polities. The author instead proposes the fragmented state of agencies as a possible base for regional order and economic development. Moreover, expansion as well as circulation of such agencies can be further explored to focus on the hitherto neglected dynamism of regions, which should not necessarily be framed within a geographically visible state. Some concrete examples of such agencies and focuses are taken from the author's recent works on Muslim merchants and their networks, as well as the economies of particular commodities that they handle, such as matches.

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