室内実験による有機変成作用の研究

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  • Study of Organic Metamorphism by Pyrolysis
  • シツナイ ジッケン ニ ヨル ユウキ ヘンセイ サヨウ ノ ケンキュウ

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Three series of pyrolysis experiments, anhydrous pyrolysis in helium-flow open system, hydrous pyrolysis in closed system and compaction-hydrous pyrolysis in open/closed system were performed to obtain a better understanding of organic metamorphism. Changes in the vitrinite reflectance, petrographic texture, 13C-NMR spectra, and Raman spectra of a Japanese subbituminous coal and oil/gas generation from three kerogen types in the above pyrolyses were correlated with the experimental conditions, and the process and mechanism of organic metamorphism is demonstrated as follows:<br> (1) The major driving force of organic metamorphism is heat subjected to sediments. The pressure, ambient condition, and reaction system do not promote the organic metamorphism itself. However, they affect the migration of products and the interaction between sedimentary organic matter (SOM) and pyrolysate, resulting in the differences in organic petrography and position of bond cleavage/re-coupling in the chemical structure.<br> (2) Hydrogen poor macerals as vitrinites/inertinites, and the aromatic carbon bond species in the chemical structure of SOM are relatively stable through organic metamorphism. They are fixed in sediments and aromatized with increasing organic metamorphism, and finally change to graphite. On the other hand, hydrogen rich macerals as alginites and exinites, and the aliphatic carbon bond species in the chemical structure of SOM are not stable, and are removed from SOM through organic metamorphism. Those hydrogen rich macerals are assumed to be the main source of the generated oil and gas, and are affected by pressure, ambient condition and reaction system. <br>(3) The reaction in the organic metamorphism begins from hydrogen rich macerals with lower bond energy, and it proceeds gradually to hydrogen poor macerals with higher-bond energy. SOM is roughly divided into two categories; the stable portion remaining in sediments to preserve geological record and the reactive portion converting to oil and gas.

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