The X-Ray Study of Residual Stresses in Extended (α+β)-Brass Specimens

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  • (α+β)黄銅引張変形試料のX線的残留応力測定
  • アルファ ベータ オウドウ ヒッパリ ヘンケイ シリョウ ノ Xセンテキ ザンリュウ オウリョク ソクテイ

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It is well known that various kinds of residual stress are found to exist in extended metal and alloy specimens by means of X-ray technique. One of them has been ascribed to the difference in the yield stress of crystals between the specimen surface and its interior (surface effect). The residual stress due to the difference in the yield stress among the crystals constituting a polycrystalline agregate has also been reported. Another one called “Gefügespannungen”has been considered to be due to the difference in the yield stress of the various phases coexisting in an alloy. As regards the“Gefügespannungen”, however, only the qualitative result on steel consisting of ferrite- and cementite-phases has so far been published.<br>The present study is designed to obtain the direct X-ray evidence for the presence of the “Gefügespannungen”. As an example of the two phase alloys, (α+β)-brass rod specimens were used. They were annealed at 550°C for 2hr in an argon atmosphere. Having been confirmed that there exists no residual stress in an annealed state, the specimens were extended statically. The residual stress in α- and β- phases on each layer near the specimen surface was determined nsing sin2ψ-method. Throughout the experiments the X-ray film technique using Co-Kα characteristic radiation was adopted. The results obtatined are as follows:<br>(a) After the extension of 3% α-phase remains in compression, while, β-phase in tension. The result seems to give a direct evidence for the“Gefügespannungen”.<br>(b) In spite of the presence of the“Gefügespannungen”, there exists macroscopic compressional stress on each layer near the specimen surface. This may be due to the surface effect.<br>(c) Residual stress after 10% elongation could not be determined because of the extraordinary broadening of diffraction lines, especially of those from β-phase.<br>The results reported here are also certified by the experiments in progress using an X-ray diffractometer, the results of which will be described elsewhere in future, together with the results concerning the dependence of residual stress values on reflecting planes.

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