Analysis of coagulation of blood in different animal species with special reference to procoagulant activity of red blood cell

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We reported previously that human coagulation factor IX (F-IX), when activated by normal human red blood cells (RBCs). causes coagulation. We also identified and characterized the F-IX-activating enzyme in the normal RBC membrane. In the present study, the coagulation of blood in experimental animals, including swine, dogs, rabbits, cattle and sheep, was compared to that in humans, with special reference to the procoagulant activity of RBCs. Rheological measurement showed that coagulation of platelet-free plasma (PFP) in a polypropylene tube did not occur in any of the species. In swine as in humans, coagulation of PFP supplemented with RBCs (RBCs/PFP) occurred. However, in dogs, rabbits, sheep or cattle coagulation of RBCs/PFP did not occur. Fluorescence assays of RBC membranes using a synthetic fluorogenic substrate suggested that F-IX-activating enzyme may be present in swine, dog and rabbit as well as human RBC membranes, but its level may be very low in sheep and bovine membranes. Our data suggest that there is a significant difference in procoagulant activity of RBCs among animal species. In addition, they suggest that appropriate selection of animal species would be important for studying venous thrombus formation, including the evaluation of anticoagulability of materials under stagnant flow conditions.

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