The Sphere of Religion of Kasama <i>Inari</i> Shrine Classified by Distributions of Believers

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  • 信仰者の分布パターンからみた笠間稲荷信仰圏の地域区分
  • シンコウシャ ノ ブンプ パターン カラ ミタ カサマ イナリ シンコウケン

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Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to clarify regional divisions in the sphere of religion of Kasama Inari shrine (Kasama Inari for short) through analyzing distributions of believers of Kasama Inari in Kasama, Ibaraki prefecture.<br> For accomplishing this purpose, this study is conducted in the following two steps. First, three types of believers are selected as indexes: worshipers (Shoden Kigansha), donors (Sanbutsu Kenno-sha), and partial owners of Kasama Inari (Bunrei Kanjosha). Worshipers are classified into two groups: individual and groupp worshipers. A . fraternity (Kou) is a kind of religious association, and is popular in Japanese religious tradition. Kasama Inari has two types of fraternity: Dogyo nakama type consisting of spontaneous members, and Dosyoku nakama type comprising those who work at the same workshops. Second, the author illustrates distributions of these three indexes, identifies dis-tributional differences among them, and establishes regional divisions in the sphere of religion of Kasama Inari.<br> Results derived from comparison of distributional patterns of the believers of Kasama Inari are sum-marized as follows.<br> 1) Within the 50-kilometer zone from Kasama Inari, excluding Kasama city, several fraternities were organized, and most of them were the Dosyoku nakama type.<br> 2) In the 50- to 150-kilometer zone, especially the 50-to 120-kilometer area, there were a large number of fraternities. Most of the fraternities were the Dogyo nakama type. Fraternities were seldom organized beyond the 150-kilometer radius of Kasama Inari.<br> 3) Donors of agricultural products such as rice and cocoons were mainly distributed in the west-ern and southeastern parts of Ibaraki prefecture. The donors mainly dwelled in the 100-kilometer zone. This index had a smaller range than the other two.<br> 4) Partial owners of Kasama Inari were more widespread than the other two. The range of distribu-tion of the owners reached the 200-kilometer radius from Kasama Inari, while the most densely dis-tributed area of the donors was found in the 50-to 150-kilometer zone. Especially in the northern part of the Kanto region, and the Boso peninsula, owners worshiped the sacred (Bunrei) as a home god. In Ibaraki or Tokyo, owners worshiped the sacred as an office god. The main distribution of owners was in the 200-kilometer zone.<br> The sphere of religion of Kasama Inari was classified into the following three areas: 1) . the first area (0-50 kilometer zone)<br> The distribution of donors of agricultural products characterized this area. No other indexes were found in this area. The distributional character of this first area could be recognized in other mountain-ous religions such as Mt. Iwaki or Mt. Togakushi. But no collaborational combines were created by the Kasama Inari faith.<br> 2) the second area (50-150 kilometer zone)<br> This area had denser distribution of all the indexes than the other areas. The 50-70 kilometer zone in particular had a high average of each index. The over-100 kilometer zone had no donors, while it was characterized by a dense distribution of fraternities of both Dogyo nakama type and partial owners of Kasama Inari.<br> 3) the third area (150-800 kilometer zone)<br> This area was the periphery of the sphere of religion of Kasama Inari. Density of all the indexes of this category is lower than in the second area. In this third area, there were few worshipers and no donors. The main distribution of this area was owners. Over 200 kilometer zone, there were few distri-butions of all the indexes. The furthest believers were in Hokkaido and Ehime prefecture. The sphere of religion of Kasama Inari spreaded over an 800-kilometer zone.

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