キイロショウジョウバエの自然および実験集団における生存力に関する遺伝的変異の分析〔英文〕

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  • ANALYSIS OF GENETIC VARIABILITY IN THE TWO MAJOR AUTOSOMES OF <i>DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER</i> IN A NATURAL AND A CAGE POPULATION
  • キイロショウジョウバエ ノ シゼン オヨビ ジッケン シュウダン ニ オケル セイゾンリョク ニ カンスル イデンテキ ヘンイ ノ ブンセキ エイブン

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(1) Many haploid sets of second and third chromosomes were extracted from different male flies of D. melanogaster collected from a natural population in Kofu city and a cage population which was initiated with flies collected from the same natural population and has been kept for two years under a constant temperature of 25°C.<br>Viabilities of homozygotes for these autosomes both together (double homozygote) and also viabilities of homozygotes for each autosome separately (single homozygote) were estimated by Cy L/Pm; Ubx/Sb method.<br>(2) Frequencies of lethal second chromosomes in both populations did not significantly differ with each other. But those of lethal third chromosomes were quite different. The frequency of lethal third chromosomes in the natural population was significantly higher than of lethal second chromosomes. The mean viability of homozygotes for quasinormal third chromosomes in the natural population was slightly lower than that for quasinormal second chromosomes.<br>(3) Combinations between the two major autosomes, which were lethal, semilethal +subvital, and normal, were almost at random, but one compensatory combination was detected. And also two synthetic semilethals were found among the sets of two major autosomes extracted from the cage population.<br>(4) Interaction between the two major autosomes in homozygous state was examined as to viabilities of double homozygotes and some synergistic effects of deleterious genes of both autosomes were recognized in most cases. Within higher viability range, especially, a remarkable positive synergistic interaction was observed.<br>The regression coefficients of observed viabilities on expected ones for the two autosomes extracted from both cage and natural populations were 0.80 and 0.87, respectively. The synergistic effects on the viability of double quasinormal (subvital+normal) homozygotes were discussed.

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