『武道における稽古用語の変遷について』

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  • A study of how the names used for training methods in Budô have changed
  • ブドウ ニ オケル ケイコ ヨウゴ ノ ヘンセン ニ ツイテ

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We currently use the term renshu (practice) to describe the process of training and mastering techniques in Budô It was called Keiko in the feudal times in Japan. We have to divided the change in the usage of Budô-related words into three periods: the early period when Bushi (samurai warior) culture began: the Tokugawa period (1600-1868), when many martial arts schools were established: and the modern period when kôdôkan judo was founded by Jigoro Kano. We analyzed both the meaning and performance of Keiko using source documents on Budô and Judo, The results of our research are as follows:<br>1. Bushi in the middle ages used the word Keiko to refer to training in such martial arts as horse riding, the archery, sword play and sumo wrestling, however, the precise methods of traing used in these martial arts are not described in the documents.<br>2. Keiko meant, at the beginning of the Tokugawa period, simply repeating the forms of techniques which had been established by the founder of each school. Later on the meaming of Keiko changed its meaning from simply repeating the forms and techniques to the process of performing these techniques with more originality and ingenuity.<br>3. In the latter half of the 19th century the names of martial arts such as jujitsu and kenjutsu and so on changed to judo and kendo etc. along with the modernization of their techniques and philosophies. Jigoro Kano, the founder of Kôdôkan judo, originally used the word keiko as the name for the practice of training and mastering techniques on the Kôdôkan. Later he changed the name of this practice from Keiko to renshu in the beliet that young people ought to do more physical fitness training at schools. He favored introducing the new subject of physical education into all junior high schools to foster the health and strength of young people. The name renshil was thus accepted in the first quarter to the last centuey by judo practitioners, but not in the world of Kendo, where practitioners studied hard and seriosly with the purpose of building up men with a steady nerves, who practiced as if they were using real swords. So in Kendo, the name Keiko was still used to mean ‘practice’ at that time.

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