The Taihei-Shinkyo-Ryu (Kenjyutsu School) was founded by Wakana Shinkyosai, a masterless Samurai (Ronin), in 1778. This study aimed at explaining the situation behind Taihei-Shinkyo-Ryu, one of the Military Arts schools, among Hachioji-Sennin-Doshin.<br>Results are summarized as follows:<br>1. At the beginning of the. Edo Period, a group of Ronin (who were the last Takeda followers from the Kai District), were deployed at the crucial points in Hachioji for the defense of the Edo Castle by the Tokugawas. They were composed of three classes (Senninkashira, Kumikashira and Hiradoshin), and had to practice military arts.<br>2. After the Kansei Era, the Tokugawas encouraged Sennin-Doshin to practice martial arts, and at that time Wakana Shinkyosai taught his philosophy to Hachioji-Sennin-Doshin.<br>In case of Hachioji-Sennin-Doshin, the number of students was as follows: (for example, in case of Wakana Seishinsai >Shinkyosai's son< ) Senninkashira had 16, Kumikashira 11 and Hiradoshin 36.<br>In this way, members from all classes practiced Taihei-Shinkyo-Ryu.<br>3. The best student of this school was Shiono Tekisai, from Kumikashira. He spread the school philosophy to all classes of Sennin-Doshin. For example, during every winter, he practiced martial arts early in the morning with his students for about 50 days. The Dojo (practicing hall) was in the open air. It was so cold that they got their hands chapped, but they devoted themselves to practicing. Then, his Dojo came to be supported by Senninkashira. And some of students were selected to demonstrate Kenjyutsu in front of the Tokugawa Shogun and were given awards.<br>4. The philosophy was derived from Confucianism. The parents of students needed it for the education of their children. They wanted their children to become the students (Nyumon) at the age of 16.<br>5. Many Hiradoshin who lived in the village were farmers. So they harbored ill feeling toward Samurai who lived near the Edo Castle. But on the other hand, they had a dream to be promoted to higher classes.<br>6. Specially, in the Tama District, there ware a lot of Ronin who came from the Kai District. They continued to practice Kenjyutsu as the followers of the Takeda Clan, despite the fact that the practice of Kenjyutsu had been prohibited in the village. They were thought to be Samurai who had practiced Kenjyutsu.<br>7. And Hachioji-Sennin-Doshin wanted to be recognized as Samurai, so Shiono Tekisai set up his school with the Hachioji-Sennin-Doshin and became the chief mentor in many areas around Hachioji.