Physiological Indicators of Marbled Sole, <I>Pleuronectes Yokohamae</I>, Exposed to Hypoxic Conditions and Captured in the Anoxic Water Regions of Tokyo Bay and Kesen-numa Bay

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  • KAKUTA Izuru
    Department of Biotechnology, Senshu University of Ishinomaki

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Other Title
  • 低酸素曝露がマコガレイの生理指標に及ぼす影響および当該指標による海域の貧酸素化把握
  • 低酸素曝露がマコガレイの生理指標に及ぼす影響および当該指標による海域の貧酸素化把握--貧酸素マーカーとしてのエリスロポイエチン
  • テイサンソ バクロ ガ マコガレイ ノ セイリ シヒョウ ニ オヨボス エイキョウ オヨビ トウガイ シヒョウ ニ ヨル カイイキ ノ ヒンサンソカ ハアク ヒンサンソ マーカー ト シテ ノ エリスロポイエチン
  • Erythropoietin as an Anoxic Biomarker
  • 貧酸素マーカーとしてのエリスロポエチン

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The effects of hypoxia on the physiological functions of marbled sole, Pleuronectes yokohamae, were examined. Fish were exposed to 3 hypoxic conditions, that is, 6, 4 and 2 mg/L water dissolved oxygen (DO) for 168 hours (7days). With regard to the 4 mg/L DO exposure group, a DO recovery test was also used. When fish were exposed to 4 mg/L DO, the number of red blood cells (RBC) and the plasma cotisol level increased significantly at hours 2 and 12. The renal erythropoietin (EPO) level increased 24 hours after exposure. At hour 168, increased RBC and liver AMP, and decreased liver ATP and adenylate energy charge {AEC value= (ATP+1/2ADP)/(ATP+ADP+AMP)} I were found. As the normal oxygen level was restored, liver ATP and AMP levels recovered within 24 hours after stress. Renal EPO decreased to the control level within 72 hours after stress. Increased plasma cortisol was also found at hour 2. In the 2 mg/L DO exposure group, RBC and plasma cortisol showed significant higher values on hours 2, 12 and 168, compared with those of the control. At hour 12, renal EPO increased. Liver ATP decreased 24 hours after the exposure. Seventy-two hours after the exposure, increased liver AMP and decreased AEC were observed. When fish were exposed to 2 mg/L DO, higher values for plasma cortisol and renal EPO were found in comparison with those in the 4 mg/L DO group. In the 6 mg/L DO exposure group, no significant changes in these parameters were observed.<BR>The renal EPO level, as an effective anoxic biomarker, was determined for wild populations of marbled sole. From July to August (summer) and in December (Winter), fish were collected from 3 sites: in the interior of Tokyo Bay and Kesen-numa Bay, which are affected by oxygen deficient water in summer, and in the eastern coastal region of Sendai Bay (as a reference site). In winter, no significant difference was found in renal EPO levels among marbled sole captured at the above 3 sites. In summer, on the other hand, fish collected from the interior of Tokyo Bay and Kesen-numa Bay sowed a significant higher value for renal EPO, compared to that from the eastern coastal region of Sendai Bay.<BR>These results suggest that (i) hypoxia induces not only stress but also increased erythropoietic activity in fish kidneys and a change in the liver energy supply,(ii) renal EPO is available as a biomarker of environmental oxygen deficiency, and (iii) in summer, marbled sole inhabiting Tokyo Bay and Kesen-numa Bay, in particular the interior, have been exposed to anoxic conditions (under 4 mg/L DO).

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