蒸発に与える裸地表面抵抗の評価法の提案

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  • Simple Method for Determining The Bare Soil Resistance to Evaporation
  • Simple Method for Determining The Bare

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A simple method has been developed on the basis of the Watanabe's new technique for measuring evaporation, to calculate both the bulk resistance and the aerodynamic resistance of the soil to vapor diffusion. The aerodynamic resistance was used for isolating the real surface resistance from the bulk resistance. Also it was used for calculating surface, momentum and sensible heat roughness lengths for the bare sand soil. Laboratory tests were carried out on fine and coarse sand under a constant temperature and humidity conditions, to compare the results of steady evaporation, surface resistance, aerodynamic resistance and roughness lengths. It was found that, the steady evaporation from fine sand is much larger than that from coarse sand under the same conditions of relative humidity, temperature, depth of the ground water table, etc. The surface resistance for both fine and coarse sand was modeled as a power function of the top 0 to 0.50 cm soil moisture. The results indicated that, the surface resistance of the fine sand is much smaller than that of the coarse sand when the two types of sand were put under the same conditions. The two types of sand have almost the same aerodynamic resistance under the same wind conditions. A proposed iterative technique was used to calculate surface, momentum, and sensible heat roughness lengths for the two types of sand. Measurements were done and back analysis technique was used for determining the unsaturated hydraulic properties on the basis of van-Genuchten's model. The Finite Element Method with Galerkin's technique has been used to analyze the moisture movement in the unsaturated zone to get the top soil moisture content at any time during the evaporation process.

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