DEVELOPMENTAL STUDY ON THE DRAWINGS OF THE HUMAN FIGURE IN MOTION

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  • 運動姿勢描画の発達的研究
  • ウンドウ シセイ ビョウガ ノ ハッタツテキ ケンキュウ

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Abstract

This study attempted, first, to analyse the developmental change in a drawing of a human figure in running style, and second, to examine the hypothesis that body image was a more dominant factor of the drawing performance than the ability of visual- motor cooperation and of perceptual discrimination.<BR>Drawings of 384 children ranging from Kindergarten aged 6 to the 6th grade of elementary school aged 12 were analysed in various points such as face, shoulders, arms, knees, and three dimensional expression of legs. Stereotyped expressions changed to realistic styles as follows: from full face to side face in 7-8 years of age (FIG. 1), stretched arms and knees to bent ones in 7-8 (FIG. 4, 5), two dimensional shoulders to three dimensional ones in 8-9 (FIG. 2), legs from two dimensional expressions to three dimensional in 11-12 years of age (FIG. 9). Thus there was a kind of ‘time-lag’ (decalage) on the development of drawing with realistic style. Children showed realistic expressions first in 7 years of age and master them completely at 12.<BR>In order to trace the development of the body image during early elementary school years, 205 subjects were tested after drawing. A child's body image questionaire made of 14 questions was given to 70 first grade (7: 2), 67 second grade (8: 2), and 68 third grade (9: 1) public school children. EXAMPLE: “When you start to roll over on a mat, which part of your body touches the mat first?” More than half of 1st grade children aged 7 answered head' to this question, while nearly 90%' of 3 rd grade children aged 9 answered ‘hand’ correctly. The body image thus improved with age. Responses to the questionaire were compared with children's drawings and meaningful relations were found.<BR>The spiral maze test of Gibson (1977) and perceptual discrimination test, were given to 38 second grade and 34 third grade children 8-9 years of age. No meaningful relations between performances of these tests and children's drawings were found, except for a slight relation between the expressions of bent knees and high performance in the spiral maze test.<BR>Discussions were made on the following problems: the relation between the development of the body image and realistic expressions on drawing, and child's conception of space and drawings.

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