A DEVELOPMENTAL STUDY ON EFFECTS OF EXPLICITLY STATIRG CONJUNCTIVE RELATIONS AND INFERENTIAL ABILITIES UPON ORGANIZATION IN MULTIPLE FREE RECALL OF SENTENCES PRESENTED IN CONTEXT-DISORGANIZED ORDER

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  • 接続詞明示と推理能力が乱脈文の多試行自由再生における体制化に及ぼす影響に関する発達的研究
  • セツゾクシ メイジ ト スイリ ノウリョク ガ ランミャク ブン ノ タ シコ

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Abstract

This study was carried out in order to investigate the developmental trends of the relationship between the content structure of prose and the inferential abilities by using a multiple free recall paradigm. Forty fifth graders of an elementary school and thirty-five first graders of a junior high school learned seven sentences which originally formed a story under two conditions: with conjunctives (W condition) and without conjunctives (WO condition). In the W condition six conjunctive words were presented along with the seven sentences, while in the WO condition only two conjunctives were used. The seven sentences were presented five times to the subjects after each subject be notified randomly in each presentation. After each presentation a sentence memory test was given to the subjects. The subjects were required to recall the sentences in a free recall paradigm. After five presentations and five recalls a sentence order test was given to measure whether the subjects could arrange the seven sentences into a well-organized story. The inferential abilities of the subjects were measured by an inferential ability test developed by Ishida (1978, 1980).<BR>The results were as follows: 1)(a) Forty-eight sub-jects arranged the sentences correctly; twenty-four in the W condition. and twenty-four in the WO condition.(b) In both conditions the higher graders tended to recall the sentences in such a way that order of the sentences would approximate to the target order trial to trial. Such tendency was not found for the lower graders.(c) An ordinal interaction between passage type and inferential ability was found for the lower graders. Those subjects with higher inferential ability tended to recall the sentences more approximately in the W condition than in the WO condition. This interaction was not found for the higher graders. 2) Data from twentyseven subjects who failed to arrange the seven sentences were analysed in same way as those from the above subjects who could arrange the sentences. This analysis showed that the results in the sentence order test corresponded with those in the inferential ability test and the sentence memory test. These results were discussed from the viewpoint of the information processing ability of subjects.

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