Yellow Mosaic of Rakkyo (Alliurn chinense G. Don) Caused by Tobacco Mosaic Virus and Garlic Latent Virus, and Its Occurrence in the Field

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  • タバコモザイクウイルスとニンニク潜在ウイルスによるラッキョウの黄斑モザイク病とその発生実態について
  • タバコ モザイク ウイルス ト ニンニク センザイ ウイルス ニ ヨル ラッキ

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Abstract

Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) isolates detected from rakkyo plants were analyzed. The diseased rakkyo had yellow mosaic laminae, especially at the basal to the middle part during September to November. The yellow mosaic symptoms were observed in 1.4-8.0% of the rakkyo plants in the field. Immunosorbent electron microscopy and Dot-immunobinding assay (DIBA) revealed that TMV and garlic latent virus (GLV) were associated with the disease; however, onion yellow dwarf virus, or leek yellow stripe virus was not detected in those plants. The TMV isolates were mechanically transmitted to 19 species out of 27 species tested. Mild systemic mosaic appeared in Nicotiana tabacurn and necrotic local lesions in N. glutinosa or Phaseolus vulgaris. The thermal inactivation point for crude sap was 80-85°C for 10 minutes, the dilution end point was 10-6-10-7 and the longevity was more than 30 days at room temperature. The TMV particles were rigid rods of ca. 300 nm long. A partially purified preparation strongly reacted with antisera of OM, tomato and the rakkyo strain of TMV in immunodiffusion test, and no spurs were observed among the precipitin lines. The virus was recovered from rakkyo plants grown in soil containing virus particle. The virus alone induced no symptoms in rakkyo; however, the virus mixed with GLV caused yellow mosaic symptoms on newly developed leaves. From these results we concluded that the virus was a strain of TMV and that it causes yellow mosaic symptoms on rakkyo with the mixed infection of GLV. We propose the name“yellow mosaic”of rakkyo for this mixed infection. TMV in rakkyo plants were detectable by DIBA to 10-4 dilution, using a TMV antiserum diluted to 1/2,000 as the first antiserum. Since the virus was more concentrated in the scaly bulbs than in the symptomless leaves of diseased plants, the bulbs should be examined for the detection of TMV in otherwise symptomless rakkyo plants.

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