Ecology and Control of Yellow Dwarf Disease of Tomato Caused by Tobacco Leaf Curl Virus

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  • トマト黄化萎縮病の発生生態とその防除
  • トマト オウカイシュクビョウ ノ ハッセイ セイタイ ト ソノ ボウジョ

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Abstract

This paper deals with the results of field experiments on the occurrence of tomato yellow dwarf disease caused by tobacco leaf curl virus (TLCV) and its vector whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, together with the results of field trials to control the disease by an insecticide. The present study was carried out during the period of 1974-1980 in Nara, Osaka and Wakayama Prefectures.<BR>The disease was often found to occur, especially in the hillside fields in mountainous area in these prefectures. Nearby the tomato fields, in which prevalent occurrence of yellow dwarf disease was observed, naturally grown honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica) or Eupatorium chinese with yellow vein symptoms was commonly found in Nara and Osaka or Wakayama Prefectures, respectively.<BR>The whitefly, B. tabaci, both adult and /or pupae, was often found in various plants grown in the hillside places. The plants on which colonization of the whitefly was found were 12 species of plants in the follwing five families grown in these places: Leguminosae. Solanaceae, Compositae, Convolvulaceae and Caprifoliaceae. It was found noticeable that high population of the whitefly was observed in honeysuckle, eggplant and especially in soybean. It was also found that honeysuckle was heavily infested by the whitefly whole through the period of growth.<BR>These results strongly suggest that the naturally grown honeysuckle plants may be the most important overwintering reservoir of TLCV and whiteflies.<BR>Through the 4-year field survey for population of whitefly, at least three peaks of the occurrence were observed; 1st, 2nd (maximum) and 3rd occurrence of the whitefly observed were the period during late May-early June, early July-mid July and mid August-late August, respectively. The earliest occurrence of tomato yellow dwarf disease was usually found in mid July, then the number of infected tomato plants became rapidly to increase during August. These field observations suggest that the adult whiteflies occurred during early July-mid July played an important role on the frequent occurrence of the disease during early August-mid August.<BR>Application of Acephate (Orthoran), an organic phosphate insecticide, to the soil or on the foliage, especially during July, was found effective to decrease the occurrence and spread of the disease.

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