Three novel mutations responsible for Cockayne syndrome group A.

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  • Ren Yan
    Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University
  • Saijo Masafumi
    Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Corporation
  • Nakatsu Yoshimichi
    Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University
  • Nakai Hiroshi
    Department of Pediatrics, Hachinohe National Hospital
  • Yamaizumi Masaru
    Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University
  • Tanaka Kiyoji
    Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Corporation

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Cockayne syndrome (CS) is a rare autosomal recessive disease, which shows diverse clinical symptoms such as photosensitivity, severe mental retardation and developmental defects. CS cells are hypersensitive to killing by UV-irradiation and defective in transcription-coupled repair. Two genetic complementation groups in CS (CS-A and CS-B) have been identified. We analyzed mutations of the CSA gene in 5 CS-A patients and identified 3 types of mutations. Four unrelated CS-A patients (CS2OS, CS2AW, Nps2 and CS2SE) had a deletion including exon 4, suggesting that there is a founder effect on the CSA mutation in Japanese CS-A patients. Patient CS2SE was a compound heterozygote for this deletion and an amino acid substitution at the 106th glutamine to proline (Q106P) in the WD-40 repeat motif of the CSA protein, which resulted in a defective nucleotide excision repair. Patient Mps1 had a large deletion in the upstream region including exon 1 of the CSA gene. Our results indicate that a rapid and reliable diagnosis of CSA mutations could be achieved in CS-A patients by PCR or PCR-RFLP and that the Q106P mutation could alter the propeller structure of the CSA protein which is important for the formation of the CSA protein complex.<br>

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