土地利用型酪農における適正規模と企業的経営の展開

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  • Reasonable Dairy Farm Size Depending on Land Use and Development of Large-scale Dairy Farms
  • シンポジウム論文 土地利用型酪農における適正規模と企業的経営の展開
  • シンポジウム ロンブン トチ リヨウガタ ラクノウ ニ オケル テキセイ キボ ト キギョウテキ ケイエイ ノ テンカイ

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説明

Livestock farming in Japan exhibits the characteristics of a marginal agriculture and leave from land use. Hokkaido dairy farming is a model of livestock farming that is dependent on land use.<br>According to a statistical analysis of the Hokkaido dairy industry, milk production costs fall as the number of cow increases. This is because while material and depreciation expenses remain constant, labor expenses fall. Therefore, production cost trends are determined by labor expenses. In addition, although feed expenses are almost constant, self-supplied feed expenses fall as the number of cow increases, and purchased feed expenses go up. On the other hand, large-scale farming has come to use so much employed labor, that reduction of production costs is not connected with an increase in profitability.<br>According to a case study of Hokkaido dairy farming, the material and depreciation expenses of large-scale farming is not low compared with family farming. This is explained by the fact that, while depreciation expenses of buildings and machines decrease, feed expenses are high since there are feedings of purchased feed, and contract charges, such as operation fees, are high. On the other hand, since large-scale farming saves labor, the production cost of milk is low, and its profitability is also high, and there is an accumulation of capital for further scale expansion.<br>The scale expansion logic of large-scale farms is based on returns to land use, maximizing the capacity of an employee’s work, and improvement of the operating rate of institutions. Although the last two things lead to an improvement in the utility rate of production elements, it is also associated with an irreversible change in farm development.<br>The economic advantage of large-scale farming is carried out through labor saving. Although large-scale farming has no advantage of material and depreciation expenses, the character of large-scale farming is that it is dependent on employed labor and land use dependency, which are associated with high profitability. On the other hand, the leave from land use leads to a weak profit structure because profits are easily influenced by changes in material cost. Therefore, the conditions for economic results by reasonable scale depends on land use according to each scale of a farm. In the Hokkaido dairy industry, which has established a specialized farming structure, it is thought that every scale class of dairy farming has arrived at a reasonable scale.

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