Fundamentals of Lens Optics 2:Imaging of an Optical System

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  • レンズ光学の基礎２：光学系の結像

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Imaging is the formation of an image of an object through a lens. By using ray diagrams, the relation between an object and image can be determined and the Gaussian lens equation, 1/a+1/b=1/f, can be obtained, where a and b are the object and image distances measured from the principal plane of a lens and f is the focal length of the lens. The lateral magnification of an optical system, β, is given by β=-b/a. The longitudinal magnification of an optical system, α, which relates to the axial direction, is given by α=-(b/a)2=-β2. The object and image move in the same direction. The angular magnification of an optical system, γ, is defined as γ=tanθ2/tanθ1. The angles θ1 and θ2 are made by the chief rays from the top of the object in the case of the unaided and aided eye, respectively.   The magnification of a magnifying glass is angular magnification, γ, in the near point and is given by γ=250/f, where f is the focal length of the magnifying glass. The magnification of a telescope is angular magnification, γ, and is given by γ=fo/fe, where fo and fe are the focal lengths of the objective lens and eyepiece, respectively.

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