Fundamentals of Lens Optics 3:Aberrations of an Optical System

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  • レンズ光学の基礎３：光学系の収差

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Deviations from an ideal image are called aberrations. An ideal optical image satisfies the following three conditions.  1) A point object creates a point image.  2) A plane object perpendicular to the optical axis creates a plane image.  3) A figure on a plane perpendicular to the optical axis creates an image similar to itself.  There are two kinds of aberration: monochromatic aberrations and chromatic aberrations. Spherical aberration, coma, and astigmatism cause images to be blurred. Field curvature and distortion deform the image of a figure. These are referred to as Seidel aberrations and monochromatic aberrations.  Chromatic aberrations are the result of the refractive index of a medium being a function of the wavelength. There are two kinds of chromatic aberration: longitudinal chromatic aberrations and lateral chromatic aberrations.  The sine condition is not an aberration but rather is a very important requirement for correction of coma by a lens. It is expressed as follows:  β=n1sin u1/(n2sin u2),  where β is lateral magnification and n1,u1 and n2,u2 are the index and slope angle of a ray in object and image space, respectively.

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