Osteoarthritis of the Knee as One of the Major Musculoskeletal Diseases Responsible for Locomotive Syndrome: The Role of Synovitis in Pain

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  • ISHIJIMA MUNEAKI
    Department of Medicine for Orthopaedics and Motor Organ, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine Sportology Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine
  • KANEKO HARUKA
    Department of Medicine for Orthopaedics and Motor Organ, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine
  • KUBOTA MITSUAKI
    Department of Medicine for Orthopaedics and Motor Organ, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine
  • LIU LIZU
    Department of Medicine for Orthopaedics and Motor Organ, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine Sportology Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine
  • SADATSUKI RYO
    Department of Medicine for Orthopaedics and Motor Organ, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine
  • HADA SHINNOSUKE
    Department of Medicine for Orthopaedics and Motor Organ, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine
  • KINOSHITA MAYUKO
    Department of Medicine for Orthopaedics and Motor Organ, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine
  • YUSUP ANWARJAN
    Department of Medicine for Orthopaedics and Motor Organ, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine
  • FUTAMI IPPEI
    Department of Medicine for Orthopaedics and Motor Organ, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine
  • SAKAMOTO YUKO
    Department of Medicine for Orthopaedics and Motor Organ, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine
  • SHIMURA YUKIO
    Department of Orthopaedics, Juntendo Tokyo Koto Geriatric Medical Center
  • NAITO KIYOHITO
    Department of Medicine for Orthopaedics and Motor Organ, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine Department of Host Defense and Biochemical Research, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine
  • WATARI TAIJI
    Department of Medicine for Orthopaedics and Motor Organ, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine Department of Host Defense and Biochemical Research, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine
  • SAITA YOSHITOMO
    Department of Medicine for Orthopaedics and Motor Organ, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine
  • TAKAZAWA YUJI
    Department of Medicine for Orthopaedics and Motor Organ, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine
  • KIM SUNG-GON
    Department of Medicine for Orthopaedics and Motor Organ, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine
  • IKEDA HIROSHI
    Department of Medicine for Orthopaedics and Motor Organ, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine
  • NAGAOKA ISAO
    Department of Host Defense and Biochemical Research, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine
  • ARIKAWA-HIRASAWA ERI
    Research Institute for Diseases of Old Age, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine
  • KUROSAWA HISASHI
    Department of Orthopaedics, Juntendo Tokyo Koto Geriatric Medical Center
  • KANEKO KAZUO
    Department of Medicine for Orthopaedics and Motor Organ, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine Sportology Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine

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Abstract

Osteoarthritis of the knee (knee OA) is an increasingly important public health concern, as the prevalence of the disease is increasing with the aging of society. It is considered to be one of the major diseases responsible for locomotive syndrome, defined as being restricted in one’s ability to walk owing to a dysfunction in one or more parts of the locomotion system. However, as no disease-modifying treatments for knee OA exist, all of the currently available treatments are symptom-modifying. Pain is the most prominent and disabling symptom of OA, and is also one of the factors predicting the progression of OA. There is an urgent need to improve our understanding of both the pathophysiology and the symptoms of the disease. Recently, the role of synovitis in OA has attracted particular attention, as synovitis has been revealed to be one of the potential indicators of knee pain and a predictive factor for both structural and symptomatic progression of the disease. In this review, we introduce the associations among pain, symptoms, and synovitis in patients from early- to end-stage knee OA, and also address future perspectives regarding the involvement of synovitis in the management of knee OA.

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