Effects of Heated Coral Calcium Mouthrinse on Plaque and Periodontal Tissue

 Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effects and clinical efficacy of alkaline non-alcoholic type mouthrinse (Mgnakcaps DENTSAFE) which contains heated coral calcium.<br> Methods: To elucidate the antimicrobial effects of heated coral calcium, we added 0.1 ml of cultured Porphyromonas gingivalis (8.5×10⁸/ml), Streptococcus mutans (7.4×10⁷/ml), Escherichia coli (9.4×10⁷/ml), Legionella pneumophila (8.0×10⁸/ml), Salmonella enterica (8.8×10⁷/ml), Staphylococcus aureus (5.0×10⁷/ml) or Vibrio parahaemolyticus (3.1×10⁷/ml) into 10 ml of heated coral calcium solution at room temperature, and measured the number of live bacteria. Next, we investigated the clinical efficacy of heated coral calcium mouthrinse. The subjects were 20 male and female volunteers ranging from 39 to 86 years old, and they were assigned to two groups and used a placebo (placebo mouthrinse group) or rinse with Mgnakcaps DENTSAFE (coral mouthrinse group) for 1 month. In each patient, probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), bleeding on probing (BOP), plaque index (PlI) and gingival index (GI) were measured before and after the mouthrinse for 1 month. Gingival crevicular fluids were collected by sterile paper points before and after the mouthrinse and the numbers of total bacteria, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Prevotella intermedia and P. gingivalis were measured by the PCR-invader method.<br> Results: P. gingivalis was killed after 1 min, E. coli and V. parahaemolyticus after 5 min ; S. mutans, L. pneumophila and S. enterica after 15 min ; and S. aureus after 60 min in the heated coral calcium solution. PPD, CAL, BOP, PlI and GI did not change significantly after the mouthrinse for 1 month in both groups. However, there was an improvement tendency in BOP, PlI and GI in the coral mouthrinse group. Numbers of total bacteria A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. intermedia and P. gingivalis did not change significantly after the mouthrinse for 1 month in both groups, whereas in the coral mouthrinse group, there was a reduction tendency in P. intermedia and P. gingivalis ratio%/total bacteria after the mouthrinse for 1 month.<br> Conclusion: Heated coral calcium solution had bactericidal activity. There was no significant effect of heated coral calcium mouthrinse on subgingival periodontopathic bacteria and periodontal clinical parameters. However, there was an improvement tendency in BOP, PlI and GI in the coral mouthrinse group. Therefore, these results suggest a need for long-time comparative investigation using heated coral calcium mouthrinse.