内耳における神経情報伝達

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  • Glutamatergic Neurotransmission in the Inner Ear
  • ナイジ ニ オケル シンケイ ジョウホウ デンタツ

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Fast excitatory synaptic transmission in the inner ear has been proposed to be mediated by an excitatory amino acid, possibly L-glutamate, and its receptors. Previous studies have revealed that certain types of ionotropic glutamate receptors are expressed in various combinations of subtypes in the cochlea and vestibule. Other studies have suggested that some glutamate receptors may have non-neural functions, such as cell differentiation and migration. Recently the glutamate receptor a subfamily has been identified, although little is known about its physiological characteristics thus far. Since 1997 it has been known that the 61 subunit is highly expressed in hair cells of auditory and vestibular systems, which suggests that the 61 subunit may play an important functional role in these systems. The expression of NMDA receptor mRNA in spiral ganglion cells has also been demonstrated, suggesting involvement of the NMDA receptor in neurotransmission in the inner ear. In search of coagonists of the NMDA receptor other than glycine, D-serine has been found to be present in mammalian central nervous systems and is regarded as a possible neuro-modulator of the NMDA receptor. We have demonstrated the gene expression of D-amino acid oxidase (DAO) in the rat temporal bone using RT-PCR analysis. This observation suggests that D-serine, which is the substrate of DAO, may exist in the inner ear and may modulate the neurotransmission of NMDA receptor subunit NR1.

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