Effect of Litter Layers on the Growth of Orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) Oversown in the Cutover Land of Deciduous Broad-leaved Forest

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  • OGAWA Yasuo
    Kyushu National Agricultural Experiment Station
  • FUKUDA Eiki
    Alpine Region Branch, National Grassland Research Institute
  • OKAMOTO Kyoji
    Alpine Region Branch, National Grassland Research Institute

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Other Title
  • 落葉広葉樹伐採跡地のリター層がオーチャードグラス(Dactylis glomerata L.)の生長に及ぼす影響
  • ラクヨウ コウヨウジュ バッサイ アトチ ノ リターソウ ガ オーチャードグラ

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Abstract

A series of field experiments was carried out in cutover land of forest, in order to develop the low-input method of pasture establishment with effective use of tree litter sources. In this report, the effect of litter layers on the productivity of Dactylis glomerata pasture established on the cutover land of deciduous broad-leaved forest without chemical fertilizers is presented. L, F and H layers on the forest floor were perfectly remained in the experimental field just after clear cuting. Fresh tree leaf litter was 0.69 DM kg/m^2 in Land F layers, and decayed one with soil particles was 2.24 DM kg/m^2 in H layer. Three kinds of seed-bed preparation plots were conducted with different degrees of disturbance of these litter layers : I ; Removing the whole litter layers, II ; Removing Land F layers, III ; No disturbance. On August 14 of 1982, one week after seed-bed preparations, D. glomerata was oversown without chemical fertilizers in each plot. Nitrogen mineralization activity under incubating condition was also compared among the three types of tree leaf litter in each layer to know the effect of their nitrogen sources on the growth of D. glomerata. Results are summurized as follows : 1. The maximum plant height and tiller number per plant of D. glomerata were obtained In the III plot. In June of 1983, 10 months after sowing, standing crop weights of D. glomerata were 12.2, 23.6 and 58.2 DM kg/m^2 in the I, II and III plots, respectively. 2. Fresh tree leaf litter in Land F layers, only remained in the III plot, had higher contents of N, P_2O_5, K_2O, MgO and CaO than those of decayed one in H layer. The uptake amounts of those minerals in the top of D. glomerata in the III plot were 4 to 6 times more than in the I plot. 3. The amounts of inorganic nitrogen released from tree leaf litter after 8 weeks of incubation were 1.56, 0.92 and 0.62 mg/g litter in L, F and H layers. On a per hectare basis, those amounts were 3.6, 4.2 and 13.9 kg N/ha, respectively. However, nitrogen mineralization activity of the surface soil was much lower than that of tree leaf litter. Litter sources remained in the cutover land of deciduous broad-leaved forest was considered to be very useful for the growth of D. glomerata, especially in the case of fresh tree leaf litter in L and F layers. Low-input method of pasture establishment was discussed in relation to the comparison of yields between the two pastures of D. glomerata establised on the cutover land with or without chemical fertilizers.

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