Studies on Establishments of Grasses : II. Effects of nitrogenous fertilizer on establishment and performance of several warm-season grasses in non-tillage sowing

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  • KOUNO Kenji
    Faculty of Applied Biological Science, Hiroshima University
  • OGATA Shoitsu
    Faculty of Applied Biological Science, Hiroshima University
  • ANDO Tadao
    Faculty of Applied Biological Science, Hiroshima University

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Other Title
  • 牧草の定着に関する研究 : II.不耕起追播暖地型牧草の定着に及ぼすN施与効果
  • 牧草の定着に関する研究-2-不耕起追播暖地型牧草の定着に及ぼすN施与効果
  • ボクソウ ノ テイチャク ニカンスルケンキュウ 2 フ コウキ オイマキ ダン

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Abstract

Pot experiments were conducted to find out the best condition of fertilizing for the improvement of establishments of several warm-season grasses oversown into Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum, abbr. as Ir) swards. And specific differences among warm-serson grasses were studied from the aspect of their early growth rate and roots development and nutrients absorption during their establishing on non-tilled Ir sward. 1. Several warm-season grasses; Rhodes grass (Chlolis gayana, abbr. as Ro), Sweet sorghum (Sorghum vulgare, abbr. as So), African millet (Eleucine corocana, abbr. as Am), Green panic (Panicum maximum, abbr. as Gp), Coloured Guneagrass (Panicum coloratum, abbr. as Cg) and Fingergrass (Digitaria adscendens, abbr. as Fg) were grown in the green house under the given conditions. The mineral concentrations of each grasses were investigated every fifth day after their germination. Nitrogen concentration of each grass were lower in the non-plowed plot than in the plowed one. The lower N concentration of each grass was supposed to be caused by the competiting nitrogen absorption from soils between preceding and succeeding grasses. Large parts of fertilized ^<15>N were apparently incorporated into preceding grass (Ir). And relative value of ^<15>N incorporation into each warm-season grasses grown under the non-plowed plot against that of the plowd plot was ranked as Am> So≫Ro. 2. The effect of nitrogenous fertilizer application rates on the germination, the early growth rate and establishment of Am, So and Ro oversown into Ir swards was investigated. The weight of dry matter of earch warm-season grasses increased with increasing nitrogen during their early growth stages, that's adequate nitrogen application decreased the competition between preceding and succeeding grasses for N. Heavier nitrogen fertilization, however, caused the suppression of the germination of warm-season grasses. And it was found that the such inhibition of their germination with heavier nitrogen application was caused by higher salinity of the surface soil. 3. The germination and establishment rates of Am and So were higher than that of Ro. Warm-season grasses having the larger R/T ratio (the ratio of root length to plant hight and root weight to plant weight), the higher establishment rate would be obtained. And this fact shows that the initial development of the root might be very important for their establishments on non-tilled Ir sward.

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