アリストテレスの実践的三段論法について : Eth. Nic. VI 11, 1143^a35～^b5の一解釈

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  • On Aristotle's Theory of the 'Practical Syllogism' : An attempted interpretation of Eth. Nic. VI 11, 1143^a35-^b5
  • アリストテレスの実践的三段論法について--Eth.Nic.Vl11,1143a35～b5の一解釈
  • アリストテレス ノ ジッセンテキ 3ダン ロンポウ ニ ツイテ Eth.Nic.Vl11 , 1143a35 b5 ノ イチ カイシャク

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Aristotle's theory of the so-called 'Practical Syllogism' is, though approached from a different point of view in several passages in Eth. Nic., supposed on the whole to be a psychological account of action in accordance with principles, viewed by analogy with the demonstrative syllogism. A deliberate action starts from the desire for a certain object; the intellect deliberates (βολειν) and reasons (λογιζεσθαι) on the images of this, and makes a decision according to 'ορθο&b.sigmav; λογο&b.sigmav;.' The Practical Syllogism is considered to be the formalization of the result of this deliberate choice. The major premise of such Practical Syllogism is a universal proposition stating the purpose or principle of action. It is obtained by the intuition of νου&b.sigmav; through επαγγη from particular instances. The author maintains Eth. Nic. VI 11, 1143 ^a35-^b5, one of the most disputed passages in this book, to state this, and maintains especially that 'η ετερα προτασι&b.sigmav;', which is usually supposed to be the minor premise of the Practical Syllogism, indicates the premise of the syllogism arising from induction (ο εξ επαγωγη&b.sigmav; συλλογισμο&b.sigmav;), and the conclusion from this 'other premise' forms the major premise of the Practical Syllogism. The minor premise, on the other hand, is the application of this purpose or principle to real and particular instances, and consequently is a particular proposition, unlike that of the demonstrative syllogism. It is obtained by φρονησι&b.sigmav;, the function of which is to deliberate on the means to the good, the purpose of practice. It is the result of this that we choose and desire, and the proximate cause of action is this desire. The author maintains that the minor premise is a summary form of this process. φρονηι&b.sigmav; is concerned not only with the means but with the end, and is the εξι&b.sigmav; that cannot exist without virtue. Hence the minor premise shows two kinds of relation to the major premise, a means towards an end and an instance of a rule. This is because the Practical Syllogism is the logical expression of the action, the purpose of which, το πρακτον αγαθον, is the whole of the virtuous life, and the means to it is also an action, having itself a value, and is a constituent part of the purpose.

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