Accentual Change in Notojima Japanese

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  • 能登島諸方言におけるアクセントの変化 : 「語頭隆起」とその後
  • ノトトウ ショ ホウゲン ニ オケル アクセント ノ ヘンカ : 「 ゴトウ リュウキ 」 ト ソノゴ

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Abstract

The Notojima dialects (Ishikawa prefecture) are well known in the field of Japanese historical accentology from the research of Kindaichi (1954[1975]), who used them to demonstrate how a Kyoto-style accent pattern might shift to a Tokyo-style pattern. Kindaichi (ibid.) and many subsequent researchers have argued that the change from [LL...] to [ML...] (and to [HL...]), 'Initial Raising', has occurred in Notojima dialects, and that this change is a very common one, repeatedly attested in Japanese historical accentology. A synchronic alternation in verbal accent in the Shimabessho dialect, one of the dialects spoken in Notojima, shows that the initial [ML...] pitch pattern is the diachronic result of Initial Raising. The comparative evidence is provided by the Han'nora dialect, which is spoken near Shimabessho. This dialect attests exactly the forms reconstructed for pre-Shimabessho. In addition, the comparison of the Shimabessho dialect with the Koda dialect, which is spoken near Shimabessho, shows that two types of 'single-peaking' occurred in the Koda dialect: [ML...HL...] > ([HL...HL...] >) [HL...] and [ML...HL...] > ([HH...HL...] >) [LH...HL...]. As the result of these changes, the word tone opposition is disappearing in the Koda dialect. The correspondence of the accent of compound nouns between Tokyo dialect and Kyoto dialect suggests that the change [ML...HL...] > ([HH...HL...] >) [LH...HL...] may have occurred in Tokyo dialect. Notojima dialect can be a model of the accentual change between Tokyo-style accent and Kyoto-style accent, in that we can see not only 'Initial Raising', but also the subsequent changes.

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