コノンの像 : 古典期アテネにおける彫像慣習の一考察

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  • Honorific Statue of Conon : Some Thoughts on the Athenian Statue Culture at the Beginning of the Fourth Century BC
  • コノン ノ ゾウ : コテンキ アテネ ニ オケル チョウゾウ カンシュウ ノ イチ コウサツ

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説明

According to Demosthenes (20.70), Conon was the first man after the Tyrannicides to be voted a bronze statue by the Athenians. His statue was set up during his lifetime in front of the Stoa of Zeus Eleutherios in the Agora, the most important public space of democratic Athens. The aim of this paper is to elucidate the historical background of this event, which was a phenomenal breakthrough in the development of Athenian statue culture. The immediate reason for the Athenians to grant such an extraordinary honor to Conon was obviously his contribution to freeing the Athenian allies from the Spartan yoke after his victory at the battle of Cnidus. But it is highly remarkable that the Athenians conferred on him unprecedented honor of erecting his statue, which even such prominent generals as Miltiades or Themistocles could not enjoy during the fifth century BC. What were, then, the general circumstances in which the Athenians formed this critical decision? The following two observations are relevant to this phenomenon. First, the rivalry between Lysander, the Spartan navarch, and Conon must have played an important role in Conon's claim that he deserved such honor. Lysander was responsible for the final victory of Spartans over the Athenians at Aegospotami in 405 and put the Aegean world under Spartan domination. Many statues of Lysander were dedicated in the international sanctuaries such as Olympia and Delphi. It was only natural for Conon, who overturned Lysander's achievement and reestablished Athenian supremacy in the Aegean, to receive similar honor from his native country. Second, there seems to have been a strong local tradition among the Ionian cities to erect statues in order to express gratitude toward their benefactors. Although Pausanias ironically comments that the Ionians merely follow the example of the entire world in paying court to strength (6.3.15), they were happy to erect statues of Lysander in their sanctuaries after Aegospotami and then flatly proceeded to set up that of Conon after Cnidus. It was under the influence of this Ionian tradition that the Athenians reintroduced the custom of erecting statues for politically powerful individuals, which culminated in the early Hellenistic period in response to the diffusion of ruler cults in the wider Greek world.

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