近代沖縄農業における農業経営と生産力水準(2007年度シンポジウム 近代沖縄農業史の再検討)

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書誌事項

タイトル別名
  • Farm Management and Production Capacity in Okinawa Agriculture in the Modern Era(Symposium-2007- On Brown-Sugar Market Control by Sugar Merchants in Modern Okinawa)
  • 近代沖縄農業における農業経営と生産力水準
  • キンダイ オキナワ ノウギョウ ニ オケル ノウギョウ ケイエイ ト セイサンリョク スイジュン

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説明

The purpose of this paper is to consider the structure of farm management and the farming practices in Okinawa agriculture before the Second World War. The cultivated land area was about 60,000ha, and sweet potatoes a crop grown for self-support, occupied half of it in prewar days. The area planted with sugar cane expanded and the composition of crops in planted areas changed until the middle of the Taisho era. However, the increase of the sugar cane area reached a peak in the middle of the Taisho era. New varieties of sugar cane and paddy rice were introduced at the beginning of the Showa era. Moreover, the amount of fertilizer applied increased at that time. And the yield per Tan of these crops rose based on these changes. However, the amount of fertilizer applied was still insufficient, mainly home-made fertilizer, as a whole. On the other hand, development of the cultivation tools such as plow lagged behind greatly. As regards farm management, farmers grew sweet potatoes as their staple food, then processed in into Kokuto (Brown Sugar Lumps), and in addition, raised pigs to earn cash. The Kokuto manufacturing was done by yuimaru which was customary practice labor exchange. When looking at the content of management, not only the arable land under management was small, but also agricultural income and the management expenses were extremely small, especially expenses for farming tools, fodder and fertilizer. Moreover, the ratio of fixed capital including equipment of agriculture was extremely low. Thus, farmers in Okinawa in the period of prewar days did not accumulate capital, and the mechanism whereby they invested in the next production was weak. The rise in productive capacity in the beginning of the Showa era involved war regime afterwards, and the mechanism collapsed without the formation a new productive capacity system. Overcoming these problems and creating a new agricultural structure were left to be done after the war.

収録刊行物

  • 農業史研究

    農業史研究 42 (0), 27-38, 2008

    日本農業史学会

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