マレーシアにおける企業経営行動とエスニック集団 : 企業経営行動の比較分析

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  • COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS ON THE BUSINESS ENTERPRISING BEHAVIORS OF THREE ETHNIC GROUPS IN MALAYSIA
  • マレーシア ニ オケル キギョウ ケイエイ コウドウ ト エスニック シュウダン : キギョウ ケイエイ コウドウ ノ ヒカク ブンセキ

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Malaysia provides us with a most interesting sample for analyzing the impacts of political, economical, social and cultural factors on business enterprising behaviors. The main reasons are as follows: 1) Malaysia is composed of three main ethnic groups, each of which has substantial percentages of population, namely Malay 62.8%, Chinese 28.3%, and Indian 7.5% in A.D. 2000. 2) Secondly, those three ethnic groups keep distinctively different values and behavior patterns and we find among them a certain different patterns of business enterprising activities and also different performances. In pre-Independence era, Chinese and their descendants established themselves in business world in spite of their humble or even miserable starts and also suffering from competitions with modernized Western mostly British capitals. In this period, most of Malay population kept their cozy life in rural areas leading self-contained life until Chinese firmly seized financial and commercial control over Malay. Most of Indian population diligently worked in large-scale rubber plantations under paternalistic protections by the owners. This behavior pattern has been kept until present days by factory workers. After the independence of Malaysia, Malay seized the political control and tried eagerly to support Bumiputera, most part of which is Malay, and who are far behind of Chinese in terms of economical status and business activities, adopting so called 'Bumiputera policy'. Chinese descendants kept hard working and pushing themselves upward on the social ladder against the political, economical and cultural (e. g. language and education) discriminations. The main part of this paper is analyses of business enterprising activities of three ethnic groups in post independence era by own researches and find out distinctively different behavior patterns. The author concluded that political and economical factors are not enough to explain the Chinese active participations in business and domination in business world of Malaysia against the reverse political wind, also the slow reactions of Malays to the government boost up policies and the slow progresses as a result. This analysis suggests that in some cases, socio-cultural factors are necessary to be taken into account in the analysis of business enterprising behaviors.

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