グローバル・アライアンスにおける企業間多様性の影響

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  • INFLUENCE OF DIVERSITY BETWEEN PARTNERS IN GLOBAL ALLIANCES
  • グローバル ・ アライアンス ニ オケル キギョウカン タヨウセイ ノ エイキョウ

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This research analyses diversity between partners in global alliances from a number of different points of view, such as corporate culture, values, capabilities, and knowledge. It attempts to clarify how the diversity influences the performance of the alliances, by formulating hypotheses and examining them through empirical analysis. The article presents three case studies of global alliances, and analyzes how their management and performance are influenced by partner diversity. The article also contrasts these partnerships with domestic alliances which have identical aims and frameworks. With the quantitative analysis using the public data, as well as qualitative analysis though interviews with the project managers of each alliance, it was shown that the combination of capabilities and knowledge of partners from different countries is the strength of global alliances. It is especially important for exploratory technical alliances to make good use of complementary strengths and different viewpoints of partners. This strength is limited in domestic alliances, where partners tend to have homogeneous capabilities and knowledge. On the other hand, the diversity in corporate culture and values makes global alliances more unstable and difficult to manage due to the inconsistency between partners in terms of recognition, reliability, and finding the solution to problems. These difficulties are likely to be enhanced as the number of partners increases. However, they can be overcome by establishing appropriate management structure and governance system suitable for the number of partners and the level of diversity involved in the alliances. More control over participating partners is required in the alliances if the number of partners and the level of their diversity are higher. In order to achieve the good performance of global alliances, it is necessary to design the management structure which can make use of the diversity in capabilities and knowledge each partner brings to the project, while overcoming the difficulties involved in the diversity of corporate culture and values.

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